Hops are the cone-shaped flowers of the Humulus lupulus plant, used to balance beer’s sweetness with bitterness. They also add aroma and flavor ranging from floral and herbal to citrusy and tropical. Hops contain alpha acids, which contribute bitterness, and essential oils that give character. Different hop varieties define styles—Saaz in Pilsners, Cascade in American Pale Ales, or Citra in IPAs. Hops also act as a natural preservative.
